Recognizing Diabetes: Signs and Symptoms in Westies Early signs of diabetes can be easy to overlook because they may develop gradually. Call your veterinarian if you notice new, persistent, or worsening changes such as: Increased Thirst and Urination One of the most common symptoms is excessive drinking and frequent urination, as the body tries to rid itself of excess glucose. Weight Loss Despite Normal or Increased Appetite Even though your Westie may seem hungry, they may lose weight as their body cannot properly utilize nutrients. Lethargy A diabetic Westie may appear less energetic or become tired more easily. Cloudy Eyes or Cataracts Cloudy eyes or sudden vision changes can occur with diabetes-related cataracts. If your Westie begins bumping into objects, hesitates in unfamiliar areas, or seems unable to see clearly, contact your veterinarian promptly. Recurring Infections Skin, urinary, or other infections may occur more frequently. Vomiting and Loss of Appetite In advanced cases, your Westie may refuse food and vomit, which requires immediate veterinary attention. If you notice any of these symptoms in your Westie, consult your veterinarian promptly. Early diagnosis improves the chances of effective management and prevents serious complications. How Diabetes Is Diagnosed Diagnosing diabetes usually involves a veterinary exam, blood glucose testing, urinalysis, and evaluation for ketones, infection, or other health problems. Your veterinarian may also recommend additional bloodwork to check organ function and look for conditions that can complicate diabetes management. Potential Complications: Risks of Untreated Diabetes When diabetes is left untreated, it can lead to severe health issues. Persistently high blood sugar can stress organs and tissues over time, resulting in complications such as: Diabetic Ketoacidosis A life-threatening condition where the body produces toxic acids (ketones) due to the lack of insulin. Organ Damage Persistent high glucose levels can harm the liver, kidneys, and heart, leading to chronic illnesses. Vision Loss Untreated diabetes increases the risk of cataracts and eventual blindness. Frequent Infections High blood sugar can make infections more likely and harder to control. Neurological Issues Nerve damage may occur, resulting in weakness or difficulty walking. Prompt treatment is vital to prevent these complications. Owners should strive for early detection and consistent management to safeguard their Westie’s health. Home Blood Testing: Monitoring Your Westie's Diabetes Monitoring blood glucose at home can be an important part of diabetes management, allowing owners to track their Westie’s response to treatment and share useful information with their veterinarian. Home testing can help detect changes early, but insulin doses should only be adjusted under veterinary guidance. Here’s how to make the process as calm and comfortable as possible: Two of our Westies, Scottie and Molly, had diabetes that required routine testing. Our veterinarian advised us to use a glucose meter designed for dogs rather than one made for people, because pet meters are calibrated for animal blood. Keeping accurate records made the daily routine much easier, but owners do not need expensive equipment or special software to track blood sugar levels. At the time, we used a desktop tracking program called AlphaTraker, which worked very well for us. Software and apps change over time, so if you are interested, you may want to check the company’s current website and also search for other pet diabetes tracking options. A notebook, spreadsheet, glucose meter app, or dedicated tracking software can all be helpful. The most important thing is to establish a routine, stick with it, and share accurate information with your veterinarian. Methods for Obtaining a Blood Sample There are several methods to collect a blood sample for glucose testing. The most accessible sites for Westies are often the tail and ears. Many owners avoid the paw because it can be uncomfortable and may make walking tender. Instead, focus on the following: Ear Sampling The outer edge of the ear provides a suitable site. Gently clip or shave the fur from the area to improve visibility and access. Use a lancet device to prick the ear and collect a drop of blood. Tail Sampling The tip or underside of the tail is another viable option. Remove fur from the site and ensure the area is clean. A small prick with a lancet will usually yield a drop of blood for testing. Always use sterile equipment and reward your Westie with treats and praise to make the experience positive. Rotate sampling sites to avoid irritation and consult your veterinarian for guidance if needed. Administering Insulin: Practical Guidance for Home Injections Insulin injections are the mainstay of diabetes treatment in dogs, and with proper technique, most owners can perform them confidently at home. Here’s how to administer insulin safely and effectively: Prepare The Insulin Handle and mix insulin exactly as your veterinarian or pharmacist instructs; many insulin products should be gently rolled rather than shaken. Verify the correct dosage as prescribed by your veterinarian. Draw Up The Dose Use a sterile syringe to withdraw the accurate amount of insulin. Choose An Injection Site The scruff of the neck or side of the chest are commonly recommended. Rotate injection sites as directed to reduce irritation or thickened skin. Clean the area if needed and pinch the skin to create a small tent. Inject The Insulin Insert the needle under the skin (subcutaneously), avoiding muscle tissue. Depress the plunger steadily, then remove the needle and praise your dog. Follow your veterinarian’s advice about whether to touch or massage the area. Dispose Of Needles Safely Place used needles in a designated sharps container. Consistency is the key to success. Give insulin at the times and doses prescribed by your veterinarian and follow the recommended feeding routine. Ask your veterinarian in advance for a low-blood-sugar action plan. Watch for signs of hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, such as weakness, trembling, wobbliness, unusual sleepiness, disorientation, seizures, or collapse. Contact your veterinarian right away if these occur, and never adjust the dose without professional guidance. Daily Home-Care Checklist • Track appetite, water intake, urination, energy level, and behavior. • Record insulin time, food amount, and blood glucose readings if your veterinarian recommends home testing. • Note vomiting, stool changes, vision changes, weakness, wobbliness, trembling, or unusual sleepiness. • Share your log with your veterinarian so patterns and treatment needs can be reviewed safely. Regular Veterinary Care: Essential for Ongoing Monitoring Even with diligent home care, regular veterinary visits are crucial for your Westie’s health. Veterinarians monitor blood glucose trends, check for complications, and recommend insulin adjustments as needed. Routine exams include: • Blood work to assess glucose control and organ function • Urine testing for ketones and infections • Physical exams to detect early signs of complications • Discussion of home monitoring results and adjustment of treatment plans Frequent checkups ensure early intervention and help maintain stable blood sugar levels, supporting your Westie’s overall well- being. Costs and Pet Insurance Diabetes care can involve ongoing costs for veterinary visits, bloodwork, urine testing, insulin, syringes, glucose monitoring supplies, prescription diets, emergency care, and treatment for complications such as cataracts or infections. Costs vary widely by clinic, region, severity, and follow-up needs. Pet insurance may help with some expenses depending on the policy, coverage limits, exclusions, deductibles, reimbursement rates, and whether the condition is covered. Living Well with Diabetes: A Positive Prognosis With proper management, many West Highland White Terriers diagnosed with diabetes can continue to enjoy a good quality of life. Daily routines, home monitoring when recommended, insulin administration, diet consistency, and regular veterinary care all support effective treatment. Many dogs adapt well, and owners play a vital role in helping their Westie remain comfortable, active, and closely bonded with the family. Diabetes can feel overwhelming at first, but you do not have to manage it alone. With consistent routines, careful monitoring, and regular veterinary support, many Westies continue to enjoy happy, active lives. Your attention to appetite, thirst, energy, vision, insulin timing, and follow-up care can make a real difference. If something changes or you are unsure what to do, call your veterinarian promptly.